Epistemology is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of human knowledge. Epistemological beliefs in education are essential for educators to develop guidelines and techniques to improve the quality of teaching.
Behavioral Learning
What is knowledge?
Learning involves a behavior change, and that nature plays no role in assimilating knowledge.
Source of knowledge
Knowledge is acquired through experience. The assumptions behind behaviorism are that learning involves a behavior change and the fundamental aspect of learning is the process of conditioning (environmental events and factors).
Internal mental states are an essential part of acquiring knowledge.
Source of knowledge
The new behavior can be learned by observing and imitating others.
Associated terminologies
l Three mechanisms in social learning:1. Differential reinforcement2. Beliefs3. Modelingl Mediational processes1. Attention2. Retention3. Reproduction4. Motivation
Cognitive Learning
What is knowledge?
Learning involves changes in people’s mental structures instead of changes in observable behavior.
Source of knowledge
Learning is a mental process. It is the learner’s experience that drives the acquisition of knowledge.
Associated terminologies
l Information is processed through three stages:1. Encoding2. Storage3. Retrievall Schemas
Constructivist Learning
What is knowledge?
l Knowledge is not identical. Learning is the process of making meaning from experiences in context.l Knowledge is personal.
Source of knowledge
l Learning is a social activity.l Motivation is a critical component in learning.l Constructing meaning is mental.l Learning is contextual.
Associated terminologies
l Cognitive constructivism (Jean Piaget)Piaget’s vital components of learning1. Accommodation2. Assimilation3. Equilibrationl Social constructivism (Lev Vygotsky)1. Social interaction2. Psychological tools3. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)4. MKO5. Scaffolding
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